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Ítem Cashew gum hydrogel as an alternative to minimize the effect of drought stress on soybean(2024-01-25) Ratke, Rafael Felippe; De Sousa, Alan; Vieira Chaves, Daniela; Zanatta, Fábio Luiz; Loiola Edvan, Ricardo; Rodrigues Sousa, Heldeney; Cavalcanti Silva Filho, Edson; Anteveli Osajima, Josy; Silva Santos Nascimento, Ariane Maria; González Aguilera, Jorge; Zuffo, Alan Mario; Pereira da Silva, Natielly; Teodoro, Paulo Eduardo; Rocha Bezerra, Leilson; Soto Gonzales, Hebert Hernán; Morales Aranibar, LuisThe use of hydrogels helpsthe production of plants in drought-stress environments. Thus, this work evaluated using different hydrogels to minimize drought stress in soybean cultivation. The treatments employed two different hydrogels, one already commercialized and the other produced with cashew gum (Anacardium occidentale), five levels (0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 mg pot−1) of the hydrogels, and two levels of drought stress in sandy soil. The growth and yield of soybeans and the levels of macro- and micronutrients in soybeans were evaluated.growth. The use of CG hydrogel promoted 12% increase in protein content in the seeds in the when soybean plants were subjected to drought stress. The levels of 30 mg pot-1, corresponding to 7.5 kg ha−1, improved the ’morphological and productive parametersof the soybeans. The increasing levels of hydrogel promoted the increase in P, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe and reduced S and Cu on an exponential scale. The use of cashew gum hydrogel increased the K and Ca contents in soybean seeds compared to commercial hydrogel.Ítem Host-Pathogen Interaction: Biology and Public Health(Springer Nature, 2024) Ponce Cusi, Richard; Bravo, Leny; Paez, Kevin J.; Pinto, Joseph A.; Pilco Ferreto, NesstorHost-pathogen interactions play a critical role in the maintenance of biodiversity but can also have significant impacts on public health. In this chapter, the evolution of host-pathogen interactions, their molecular mechanisms, stages of interaction, and the development of pharmacological treatments have been examined. The coevolution of hosts and pathogens has led to the development of complex defense systems and invasion mechanisms. Hosts have evolved strategies to recognize and respond to pathogens, while pathogens have developed strategies to evade or suppress the host response [1]. The search for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying host-pathogen interactions has led to the discovery of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) recognition by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), the secretion of virulence factors by pathogens to manipulate host signaling pathways, and the activation of adaptive immune responses by the host to target-specific pathogens [2]. Pharmacological treatments have been developed to target various stages of host-pathogen interactions, from preventing infection to treating established disease. However, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens poses a significant challenge to the development of effective treatments [3]. The impact of host-pathogen interactions on public health cannot be overstated, with infectious diseases responsible for a significant proportion of global morbidity and mortality. Understanding the mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions and developing effective treatments are essential to mitigate the impact of infectious diseases on global public health.Ítem Knowledge and Attitudes of Parents about Oral Health in the Primary Dentition Stage in a Peruvian High Andean City(International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2024-01-30) Rojas Briceño, Nilton Beltrán; Oc Carrasco, Oscar Joel; Silva Díaz, Yshoner Antonio; Ordinola, Carla; Pizarro Salazar, Oscar; Tuesta-Mendoza, Shírley J.; Silva-López, Jhonsy O.Children’s oral health depends on parents’ knowledge and attitudes. The primary dentition stage, in particular, plays a crucial role in the comprehensive development of children. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate parents’ knowledge and attitudes about oral health in the primary dentition stage in Chachapoyas (Amazonas, NW Peru). A questionnaire was administered to 409 parents from 15 educational institutions, and the data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. Among the surveyed parents, 75.3% could identify at least one habit harmful to their children’s teeth (such as excessive sugar consumption) and one of its effects (such as dental caries). Additionally, 77.5% reported that their children presented some dental problem, more frequent in the peripheral areas than in the city’s center. Gender (odd ratio, OR = 0.484; p = 0.037), educational level (OR = 2.144; p = 0.043), and type of health insurance (OR = 2.627; p = 0.044) of the parents influenced awareness of taking care of their children’s primary dental health. The geographic location of the school (1.729 < OR < 2.079; p ≤ 0.011) and family income (OR = 3.504; p = 0.028) influenced parents’ identification of the different harmful effects of children’s habits. Factors such as low socioeconomic status and never taking the child to the dentist increased the risk of dental problems (p < 0.05). It is suggested that peripheral areas, like rural areas, lack the same oral health programs and access to treatment as central urban areas, leading to disparities in parental knowledge and attitudes. Keywords: dental caries; dental health; oral habits; preschool; primary teeth; thumb sucking